As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then Nephew of Didda. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. He erected a monument at. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". View all Google Scholar citations He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Son of Partha. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. orders. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Was this answer helpful? Hari Parbat is visible in the background. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. After that, the English translation. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Kalhana was a poet. Rajatarangini/Original languages Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Her son was Chippatajayapida. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. Translation of " " into Persian . Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Verse 13. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Devout Shaivite. Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. university presses. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. His family ruled for many generations. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. He subdued several enemies. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. View Answer The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? translator of the Rajataragini. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). Despite these stated principles, and despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity and a few inconsistencies in the earlier chapters of his book, especially the first three books. It does not store any personal data. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. "useRatesEcommerce": false Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. Son of Sangramapida II. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Died young. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Total loading time: 0 He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Turn on. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. (I.191) He belonged to. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. for this article. Deposed by the minister Shura. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sussala's son. Match words . For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time.
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