Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. The union was both symbolic and necessary. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. (1): (April 24, 1883. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. ||sitemap_index.xml He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. Updates? Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. 1517. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family.
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