forward error correction fortigate forward error correction fortigate

The number of base Forward Error Correction packets (1 - 100, default = 20). In case the port does not support FEC, the link_fec and link_fec_cap values are None (0x0). Question 1. This reduces unnecessary bandwidth consumption by FEC. For example how many redundant packets are being sent. Forward error correction settings on switch ports | FortiGate / FortiOS Forward Error Correction (FEC) is a mechanism to recover lost packets on a link by sending extra "parity" packets for every group of 4 packets. Adaptive FEC considers link conditions and dynamically adjusts the FEC packet ratio: The FEC base and redundant packet relationship is dynamically adjusted based on changes to the network SLA metrics defined in the SD-WAN SLA health checks. 01:43 AM, The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. Show Forward Error Correction (FEC) in FAZ reporting Hi All, We are using FEC on some FortiGates. Forward Error Correction (FEC) is used to control and correct errors in data transmission by sending redundant data across the VPN in anticipation of dropped packets occurring during transit. FEC can be applied only to streams that are sensitive to packet loss. On FortiGate A, apply the FEC mappings on vd1-p1: The FEC base and redundant values are used when the link quality has not exceeded the limits specified in the FEC profile mapping. Michael Pruett, CISSP has a wide range of cyber-security and network engineering expertise. Network Security. B This traffic shaper drops traffic that exceeds the set limits. Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and cloud FortiGate-VM Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and AWS native VPN gateway Configuring the VIP to access the remote servers FEC can be applied only to streams that are sensitive to packet loss. If fec-codec is set to xor the base and redundant packet values will not be updated. 10-29-2019 'Enable' was forked into two options - Reed-Solomon (FEC CL91) and Fire-Code (FEC CL74). Lastly, it is necessary to make sure the correct media type is configured on the interface settings. Fortinet SD WAN Forward Error Correction Example - YouTube Fortinet SD WAN Forward Error Correction Voice Fortinet SD WAN Forward Error Correction Voice AboutPressCopyrightContact. Adaptive FEC considers link conditions and dynamically adjusts the FEC packet ratio: The FEC base and redundant packet relationship is dynamically adjusted based on changes to the network SLA metrics defined in the SD-WAN SLA health checks. Copyright 2023 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Forward error correction In telecommunications Forward error correction (FEC) is a special code for error detection and correction. On FortiGate A, apply the FEC mappings on vd1-p1: The FEC base and redundant values are used when the link quality has not exceeded the limits specified in the FEC profile mapping. PDF Taking Forward Error Correction (FEC) to the Next Level - Silver Peak Refer Table: Enabling FEC (FSKC4.SFD32 = 0) and Table: Enabling FEC (FSKC4.SFD32 = 1) in AT86RF215 datasheet for more information on the register configurations to enable or disable FEC. Send TCP and UDP traffic from PC1 to PC2, then check the sessions on FortiGate A: Non-FEC protected TCP traffic is offloaded, while FEC protected UDP traffic is not offloaded. Cisco ACI Auto-Negotiation and Forwarding Error Correction It's not just a simple duplication of the data. This blog post explains how FEC works and describes how leading SD-WAN platforms utilize it to mitigate packet loss. Forward Error Correction (FEC) is a mechanism to recover lost packets on a link by sending extra "parity" packets for every group (N) of packets. Forward error correction - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Error Correction in Computer Networks - Studytonight The intention is to apply FEC to UDP traffic that is passing through the VPN overlay, while allowing all other traffic to pass through without FEC. Forgot password? For Example, policies that allow the UDP based VoIP protocol can enable FEC, while TCP based traffic policies do not. Technical Tip: Forward Error Correction (FEC) - Fortinet Community FortiGate FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. FortiGate is not performing traffic shaping as expected, based on the policies shown in the exhibits. do cookie clicker mods disable achievements? This means that all traffic suffers a performance impact. Edited By The URL category must be specified on the traffic shaping policy. SD-WAN and Forward Error Correction: Mitigating Packet Loss SD-WAN improves the performance and reliability of IP networks, and one of the techniques it employs is Forward Error Correction (FEC). Initially, it is necessary to confirm FEC [forward-error-correction] is enabled on both sides of the connected units as it is a mandatory requirement for 100G interfaces. Packet Duplication - Sends duplicate packets over a single tunnel. If fec-codec is set to xor the base and redundant packet values will not be updated. FEC is disabled by default. The intention is to apply FEC to UDP traffic that is passing through the VPN overlay, while allowing all other traffic to pass through without FEC. Password. Hamming Codes It is a block code that is capable of detecting up to two simultaneous bit errors and correcting single-bit errors. An FEC profile is configured to adaptively increase redundant levels if the link quality exceeds a 10% packet loss threshold, or the bandwidth exceeds 950 Mbps. This means that all traffic suffers a performance impact. On FortiGate A, create a policy to specify performing FEC on UDP traffic, and a policy for other traffic: On FortiGate A, configure FEC mapping to bind network SLA metrics and FEC base and redundant packets: The mappings are matched from top to bottom: packet loss greater than 10% with eight base and two redundant packets, and then uploading bandwidth greater than 950 Mbps with nine base and three redundant packets. NSE7_SDW-6.4 Exam - Page 3 of 4 - Share The Experience - Real Exam How does Forward Error Correction actually work? Does it? Enable/disable Forward Error Correction for egress IPsec traffic (default = disable). On FortiGate A, apply the FEC mappings on vd1-p1: The FEC base and redundant values are used when the link quality has not exceeded the limits specified in the FEC profile mapping. The tunnel is an SD-WAN zone, and an SLA health-check is used to monitor the quality of the VPN overlay. 08:14 AM, The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. Network Security. FEC is enabled on vd1-p1, and health-check works on vd1-p1. FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. Supported managed-switch ports can be configured with a forward error correction (FEC) state of Clause 74 FC-FEC for 25-Gbps ports and Clause 91 RS-FEC for 100-Gbps ports. Answer. FEC provides the receiver with the ability to correct errors without a reverse channel to request the retransmission of data. Email. On FortiGate A, check the health-check result and the corresponding FEC base and redundant packets: Because bandwidth-up is more than 950000kbps, base and redundant are set to 9 and 3: Make packet loss more than 10%, then check the health-check result and the corresponding FEC base and redundant packets again: Because packet loss is more than 10%, entry one in FEC mapping is first matched, and base and redundant are set to 8 and 2: Connecting FortiExplorer to a FortiGate with WiFi, Configure FortiGate with FortiExplorer using BLE, Transfer a device to another FortiCloud account, Viewing device dashboards in the Security Fabric, Creating a fabric system and license dashboard, Viewing session information for a compromised host, FortiView Top Source and Top Destination Firewall Objects monitors, Viewing top websites and sources by category, Enhanced hashing for LAG member selection, Failure detection for aggregate and redundant interfaces, PRP handling in NAT mode with virtual wire pair, Using VLAN sub-interfaces in virtual wire pairs, General VXLAN configuration and topologies, VXLAN over IPsec tunnel with virtual wire pair, VXLAN over IPsec using a VXLAN tunnel endpoint, Upstream proxy authentication in transparent proxy mode, Agentless NTLM authentication for web proxy, Multiple LDAP servers in Kerberos keytabs and agentless NTLM domain controllers, CORS protocol in explicit web proxy when using session-based, cookie-enabled, and captive portal-enabled SAML authentication, HTTP connection coalescing and concurrent multiplexing for explicit proxy, IP address assignment with relay agent information option, OSPF graceful restart upon a topology change, Next hop recursive resolution using other BGP routes, Next hop recursive resolution using ECMP routes, Support cross-VRF local-in and local-out traffic for local services, NetFlow on FortiExtender and tunnel interfaces, Enable or disable updating policy routes when link health monitor fails, Add weight setting on each link health monitor server, SLA link monitoring for dynamic IPsec and SSL VPN tunnels, IPv6 tunnel inherits MTU based on physical interface, Configuring IPv4 over IPv6 DS-Lite service, Specify an SD-WAN zone in static routes and SD-WAN rules, Passive health-check measurement by internet service and application, Mean opinion score calculation and logging in performance SLA health checks, Embedded SD-WAN SLA information in ICMP probes, Additional fields for configuring WAN intelligence, SDN dynamic connector addresses in SD-WAN rules, Static application steering with a manual strategy, Dynamic application steering with lowest cost and best quality strategies, SD-WAN application monitor using FortiMonitor, DSCP tag-based traffic steering in SD-WAN, ECMP support for the longest match in SD-WAN rule matching, Override quality comparisons in SD-WAN longest match rule matching, Use an application category as an SD-WAN rule destination, Controlling traffic with BGP route mapping and service rules, Applying BGP route-map to multiple BGP neighbors, Using multiple members per SD-WAN neighbor configuration, Hold down time to support SD-WAN service strategies, Speed tests run from the hub to the spokes in dial-up IPsec tunnels, Interface based QoS on individual child tunnels based on speed test results, Configuring SD-WAN in an HA cluster using internal hardware switches, SD-WAN segmentation over a single overlay, Matching BGP extended community route targets in route maps, Copying the DSCP value from the session original direction to its reply direction, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and cloud FortiGate-VM, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and AWS native VPN gateway, Configuring the VIP to access the remote servers, Configuring the SD-WAN to steer traffic between the overlays, HTTP2 connection coalescing and concurrent multiplexing for virtual server load balancing, NAT46 and NAT64 policy and routing configurations, Recognize anycast addresses in geo-IP blocking, Matching GeoIP by registered and physical location, HTTP to HTTPS redirect for load balancing, Use Active Directory objects directly in policies, Seven-day rolling counter for policy hit counters, Cisco Security Group Tag as policy matching criteria, Virtual patching on the local-in management interface, Using wildcard FQDN addresses in firewall policies, ClearPass integration for dynamic address objects, IPv6 MAC addresses and usage in firewall policies, Traffic shaping with queuing using a traffic shaping profile, Changing traffic shaper bandwidth unit of measurement, Multi-stage DSCP marking and class ID in traffic shapers, Adding traffic shapers to multicast policies, Interface-based traffic shaping with NP acceleration, QoS assignment and rate limiting for FortiSwitch quarantined VLANs, Establish device identity and trust context with FortiClient EMS, ZTNA HTTPS access proxy with basic authentication example, ZTNA TCP forwarding access proxy without encryption example, ZTNA proxy access with SAML authentication example, ZTNA access proxy with SAML and MFA using FortiAuthenticator example, ZTNA access proxy with SSL VPN web portal example, Posture check verification for active ZTNA proxy session examples, ZTNA TCP forwarding access proxy with FQDN example, ZTNAdevice certificate verification from EMS for SSL VPN connections, Mapping ZTNA virtual host and TCP forwarding domains to the DNS database, ZTNA policy access control of unmanageable and unknown devices with dynamic address local tags, Publishing ZTNA services through the ZTNA portal, ZTNA inline CASB for SaaS application access control, ZTNA scalability support for up to 50 thousand concurrent endpoints, HTTP2 connection coalescing and concurrent multiplexing for ZTNA, Using extension Internet Service in policy, Allow creation of ISDB objects with regional information, Look up IP address information from the Internet Service Database page, Using FortiSandbox post-transfer scanning with antivirus, Using FortiSandbox inline scanning with antivirus, Using FortiNDR inline scanning with antivirus, Exempt list for files based on individual hash, FortiGuard category-based DNS domain filtering, Applying DNS filter to FortiGate DNS server, Excluding signatures in application control profiles, SSL-based application detection over decrypted traffic in a sandwich topology, Matching multiple parameters on application control signatures, IPS signatures for the industrial security service, Protecting a server running web applications, Handling SSL offloaded traffic from an external decryption device, Redirect to WAD after handshake completion, HTTP/2 support in proxy mode SSL inspection, Define multiple certificates in an SSL profile in replace mode, Disabling the FortiGuard IP address rating, Blocking applications with custom signatures, Application groups in traffic shaping policies, Blocking unwanted IKE negotiations and ESP packets with a local-in policy, Basic site-to-site VPN with pre-shared key, Site-to-site VPN with digital certificate, Site-to-site VPN with overlapping subnets, IKEv2 IPsec site-to-site VPN to an AWS VPN gateway, IPsec VPN to Azure with virtual network gateway, IPSec VPN between a FortiGate and a Cisco ASA with multiple subnets, Add FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Dialup IPsec VPN with certificate authentication, OSPF with IPsec VPN for network redundancy, Packet distribution and redundancy for aggregate IPsec tunnels, Packet distribution for aggregate dial-up IPsec tunnels using location ID, Packet distribution for aggregate static IPsec tunnels in SD-WAN, Packet distribution for aggregate IPsec tunnels using weighted round robin, Hub-spoke OCVPN with inter-overlay source NAT, IPsec VPN wizard hub-and-spoke ADVPN support, Fragmenting IP packets before IPsec encapsulation, Defining gateway IP addresses in IPsec with mode-config and DHCP, Windows IKEv2 native VPN with user certificate, Set up FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Connecting from FortiClient with FortiToken, Showing the SSL VPN portal login page in the browser's language, SSL VPN with LDAP-integrated certificate authentication, SSL VPN for remote users with MFA and user sensitivity, SSL VPN with FortiToken mobile push authentication, SSL VPN with RADIUS on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS and FortiToken mobile push on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS password renew on FortiAuthenticator, Dynamic address support for SSL VPN policies, Dual stack IPv4 and IPv6 support for SSL VPN, Disable the clipboard in SSL VPN web mode RDP connections, Running a file system check automatically, FortiGuard distribution of updated Apple certificates, Integrate user information from EMS and Exchange connectors in the user store, Enabling Active Directory recursive search, Configuring LDAP dial-in using a member attribute, Configuring least privileges for LDAP admin account authentication in Active Directory, Tracking users in each Active Directory LDAP group, Tracking rolling historical records of LDAP user logins, Configuring client certificate authentication on the LDAP server, Restricting RADIUS user groups to match selective users on the RADIUS server, Support for Okta RADIUS attributes filter-Id and class, Sending multiple RADIUS attribute values in a single RADIUS Access-Request, Traffic shaping based on dynamic RADIUS VSAs, RADIUS Termination-Action AVP in wired and wireless scenarios, Outbound firewall authentication for a SAML user, SSL VPN with FortiAuthenticator as a SAML IdP, Using a browser as an external user-agent for SAML authentication in an SSL VPN connection, Outbound firewall authentication with Azure AD as a SAML IdP, Activating FortiToken Mobile on a mobile phone, Synchronizing LDAP Active Directory users to FortiToken Cloud using the two-factor filter, Configuring the maximum log in attempts and lockout period, Using the SAN field for LDAP-integrated certificate authentication, FSSO polling connector agent installation, Configuring the FSSO timeout when the collector agent connection fails, Configuring the FortiGate to act as an 802.1X supplicant, Allowing the FortiGate to override FortiCloud SSO administrator user permissions, Restricting SSH and Telnet jump host capabilities, Remote administrators with TACACS VSA attributes, Upgrading individual device firmware by following the upgrade path (federated update), Upgrading all device firmware by following the upgrade path (federated update), Setting the administrator password retries and lockout time, Controlling return path with auxiliary session, Configuring the persistency for a banned IP list, Using the default certificate for HTTPS administrative access, Backing up and restoring configurations in multi VDOM mode, Inter-VDOM routing configuration example: Internet access, Inter-VDOM routing configuration example: Partial-mesh VDOMs, Out-of-band management with reserved management interfaces, HA between remote sites over managed FortiSwitches, HA using a hardware switch to replace a physical switch, Override FortiAnalyzer and syslog server settings, Routing NetFlow data over the HA management interface, Force HA failover for testing and demonstrations, Resume IPS scanning of ICCP traffic after HA failover, Querying autoscale clusters for FortiGate VM, Abbreviated TLS handshake after HA failover, Session synchronization during HA failover for ZTNA proxy sessions, Synchronizing sessions between FGCP clusters, Session synchronization interfaces in FGSP, UTM inspection on asymmetric traffic in FGSP, UTM inspection on asymmetric traffic on L3, Encryption for L3 on asymmetric traffic in FGSP, Optimizing FGSP session synchronization and redundancy, FGSP session synchronization between different FortiGate models or firmware versions, Applying the session synchronization filter only between FGSP peers in an FGCP over FGSP topology, FGCP over FGSP per-tunnel failover for IPsec, Allow IPsec DPD in FGSP members to support failovers, Layer 3 unicast standalone configuration synchronization, Adding IPv4 and IPv6 virtual routers to an interface, SNMP traps and query for monitoring DHCP pool, Configuring a proxy server for FortiGuard updates, Using FortiManager as a local FortiGuard server, FortiAP query to FortiGuard IoT service to determine device details, FortiGate Cloud / FDNcommunication through an explicit proxy, Procuring and importing a signed SSL certificate, FortiGate encryption algorithm cipher suites, Configuring the root FortiGate and downstream FortiGates, Deploying the Security Fabric in a multi-VDOM environment, Synchronizing objects across the Security Fabric, Group address objects synchronized from FortiManager, Leveraging LLDP to simplify Security Fabric negotiation, Configuring the Security Fabric with SAML, Configuring single-sign-on in the Security Fabric, Configuring the root FortiGate as the IdP, Configuring a downstream FortiGate as an SP, Verifying the single-sign-on configuration, Navigating between Security Fabric members with SSO, Integrating FortiAnalyzer management using SAML SSO, Integrating FortiManager management using SAML SSO, Execute a CLI script based on CPU and memory thresholds, Webhook action with Twilio for SMS text messages, Getting started with public and private SDN connectors, Azure SDN connector using service principal, Cisco ACI SDN connector using a standalone connector, ClearPass endpoint connector via FortiManager, AliCloud Kubernetes SDN connector using access key, AWS Kubernetes (EKS)SDNconnector using access key, Azure Kubernetes (AKS)SDNconnector using client secret, GCP Kubernetes (GKE)SDNconnector using service account, Oracle Kubernetes (OKE) SDNconnector using certificates, Private cloud K8s SDNconnector using secret token, Nuage SDN connector using server credentials, Nutanix SDN connector using server credentials, OpenStack SDN connector using node credentials, VMware ESXi SDNconnector using server credentials, VMware NSX-T Manager SDNconnector using NSX-T Manager credentials, Support for wildcard SDN connectors in filter configurations, Monitoring the Security Fabric using FortiExplorer for Apple TV, Adding the root FortiGate to FortiExplorer for Apple TV, Viewing a summary of all connected FortiGates in a Security Fabric, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers (or syslog servers) per VDOM, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers on a FortiGate in multi-VDOM mode, Log buffer on FortiGates with an SSD disk, Configuring and debugging the free-style filter, Logging the signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength per client, RSSO information for authenticated destination users in logs, Backing up log files or dumping log messages, System and feature operation with WAN optimization, Manual (peer-to-peer) WAN optimization configuration example, Active-passive WAN optimization configuration example, Testing and troubleshooting the configuration, PFand VFSR-IOV driver and virtual SPU support, FIPS cipher mode for AWS, Azure, OCI, and GCP FortiGate-VMs, Troubleshooting CPU and network resources, Verifying routing table contents in NAT mode, Verifying the correct route is being used, Verifying the correct firewall policy is being used, Checking the bridging information in transparent mode, Performing a sniffer trace or packet capture, Displaying detail Hardware NIC information, Identifying the XAUI link used for a specific traffic stream, Troubleshooting process for FortiGuard updates. Technical Tip: Forward Error Correction for IPsec Technical Tip: Forward Error Correction for IPsec VPN. Does any one know how to build a FortiAnalyzer query for this? Adaptive Forward Error Correction | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.2.4 The plethora of vendors that resell hardware but have zero engineering knowledge resulting in the wrong hardware or configuration being deployed is a major pet peeve of Michael's. It is possible to see the FEC type in the output of '# diagnose hardware deviceinfo nic ' in the Link Settings section: FG22E1-2 # diag hardware deviceinfo nic port25======== Link Settings ==========link_autonego :0link_setting :1link_speed :25000link_duplex :1link_fec :RS (0x3) ---> current value, Reed-Solomonlink_fec_cap :Off,RS,BaseR (0x1c) --->possible values: off, Reed-Solomon and Fire-Codelink_serdes_if :SRserdes_if_cap :GMII,SGMII,SR,LR,CR (0x3e)serdes_dflt :3pm_mode_setting :2pm_mode :0x6pm_mode_dflt :2pm_port :Yesmedium_mode :0========== Link Status ==========. Solution. For example how many redundant packets are being sent. Adaptive FEC starts to work at 2% packet loss; this value is hard-coded and is not configurable. Created on Copyright 2023 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created on FortiGate / FortiOS; FortiGate 5000; FortiGate 6000; FortiGate 7000; FortiProxy; NOC & SOC Management (Choose two ) A The debug output shows per-IP shaper values and real-time readings. Solution Six new parameters are added to the IPsec phase1-interface settings: fec-ingress: Enable/disable Forward Error Correction for ingress IPsec traffic (default = disable). Home; Product Pillars. The number of redundant Forward Error Correction packets (1 - 100, default = 10). For example, In case if we want to calculate a single-bit error, the error correction code then mainly determines which one of seven bits is in the error. This option is only available for 25Gbps ports. Technical Tip: Forward Error Correction (FEC) - Fortinet On FortiGate A, check the health-check result and the corresponding FEC base and redundant packets: Because bandwidth-up is more than 950000kbps, base and redundant are set to 9 and 3: Make packet loss more than 10%, then check the health-check result and the corresponding FEC base and redundant packets again: Because packet loss is more than 10%, entry one in FEC mapping is first matched, and base and redundant are set to 8 and 2: Connecting FortiExplorer to a FortiGate via WiFi, Transfer a device to another FortiCloud account, Viewing device dashboards in the Security Fabric, Creating a fabric system and license dashboard, Viewing session information for a compromised host, FortiView Top Source and Top Destination Firewall Objects monitors, Viewing top websites and sources by category, Enhanced hashing for LAG member selection, PRP handling in NAT mode with virtual wire pair, Virtual switch support for FortiGate 300E series, Failure detection for aggregate and redundant interfaces, Upstream proxy authentication in transparent proxy mode, Agentless NTLM authentication for web proxy, Multiple LDAP servers in Kerberos keytabs and agentless NTLM domain controllers, IP address assignment with relay agent information option, NetFlow on FortiExtender and tunnel interfaces, Enable or disable updating policy routes when link health monitor fails, Add weight setting on each link health monitor server, IPv6 tunnel inherits MTU based on physical interface, Specify an SD-WAN zone in static routes and SD-WAN rules, Passive health-check measurement by internet service and application, Minimum number of links for a rule to take effect, Use MAC addresses in SD-WAN rules and policy routes, SDN dynamic connector addresses in SD-WAN rules, Static application steering with a manual strategy, Dynamic application steering with lowest cost and best quality strategies, DSCP tag-based traffic steering in SD-WAN, ECMP support for the longest match in SD-WAN rule matching, Override quality comparisons in SD-WAN longest match rule matching, Controlling traffic with BGP route mapping and service rules, Applying BGP route-map to multiple BGP neighbors, Hold down time to support SD-WAN service strategies, Speed tests run from the hub to the spokes in dial-up IPsec tunnels, Interface based QoS on individual child tunnels based on speed test results, Configuring SD-WAN in an HA cluster using internal hardware switches, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and cloud FortiGate-VM, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and AWS native VPN gateway, Configuring the VIP to access the remote servers, Configuring the SD-WAN to steer traffic between the overlays, NGFW policy mode application default service, Using extension Internet Service in policy, Allow creation of ISDB objects with regional information, Enabling advanced policy options in the GUI, Recognize anycast addresses in geo-IP blocking, Matching GeoIP by registered and physical location, HTTP to HTTPS redirect for load balancing, Use Active Directory objects directly in policies, FortiGate Cloud / FDNcommunication through an explicit proxy, Seven-day rolling counter for policy hit counters, Cisco Security Group Tag as policy matching criteria, ClearPass integration for dynamic address objects, Group address objects synchronized from FortiManager, Using wildcard FQDN addresses in firewall policies, IPv6 MAC addresses and usage in firewall policies, Traffic shaping with queuing using a traffic shaping profile, Changing traffic shaper bandwidth unit of measurement, Multi-stage DSCP marking and class ID in traffic shapers, Interface-based traffic shaping with NP acceleration, QoS assignment and rate limiting for FortiSwitch quarantined VLANs, Establish device identity and trust context with FortiClient EMS, ZTNA HTTPS access proxy with basic authentication example, ZTNA TCP forwarding access proxy without encryption example, ZTNA proxy access with SAML authentication example, ZTNA access proxy with SAML and MFA using FortiAuthenticator example, Posture check verification for active ZTNA proxy session examples, Migrating from SSL VPN to ZTNA HTTPS access proxy, FortiAI inline blocking and integration with an AV profile, FortiGuard category-based DNS domain filtering, Applying DNS filter to FortiGate DNS server, Excluding signatures in application control profiles, SSL-based application detection over decrypted traffic in a sandwich topology, Matching multiple parameters on application control signatures, Protecting a server running web applications, Handling SSL offloaded traffic from an external decryption device, Redirect to WAD after handshake completion, HTTP/2 support in proxy mode SSL inspection, Define multiple certificates in an SSL profile in replace mode, Application groups in traffic shaping policies, Blocking applications with custom signatures, Blocking unwanted IKE negotiations and ESP packets with a local-in policy, Basic site-to-site VPN with pre-shared key, Site-to-site VPN with digital certificate, Site-to-site VPN with overlapping subnets, IKEv2 IPsec site-to-site VPN to an AWS VPN gateway, IPsec VPN to Azure with virtual network gateway, IPSec VPN between a FortiGate and a Cisco ASA with multiple subnets, Add FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Dialup IPsec VPN with certificate authentication, OSPF with IPsec VPN for network redundancy, IPsec aggregate for redundancy and traffic load-balancing, Packet distribution for aggregate dial-up IPsec tunnels, Per packet distribution and tunnel aggregation, Weighted round robin for IPsec aggregate tunnels, Hub-spoke OCVPN with inter-overlay source NAT, IPsec VPN wizard hub-and-spoke ADVPN support, Fragmenting IP packets before IPsec encapsulation, VXLAN over IPsec tunnel with virtual wire pair, VXLAN over IPsec using a VXLAN tunnel endpoint, Defining gateway IP addresses in IPsec with mode-config and DHCP, Set up FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Connecting from FortiClient with FortiToken, SSL VPN with LDAP-integrated certificate authentication, SSL VPN for remote users with MFA and user sensitivity, SSL VPN with FortiToken mobile push authentication, SSL VPN with RADIUS on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS and FortiToken mobile push on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS password renew on FortiAuthenticator, Dynamic address support for SSL VPN policies, Dual stack IPv4 and IPv6 support for SSL VPN, Disable the clipboard in SSL VPN web mode RDP connections, Running a file system check automatically, FortiGuard distribution of updated Apple certificates, Integrate user information from EMS and Exchange connectors in the user store, Enabling Active Directory recursive search, Configuring LDAP dial-in using a member attribute, Configuring least privileges for LDAP admin account authentication in Active Directory, Tracking users in each Active Directory LDAP group, Restricting RADIUS user groups to match selective users on the RADIUS server, Support for Okta RADIUS attributes filter-Id and class, Sending multiple RADIUS attribute values in a single RADIUS Access-Request, Traffic shaping based on dynamic RADIUS VSAs, Outbound firewall authentication for a SAML user, Using a browser as an external user-agent for SAML authentication in an SSL VPN connection, Outbound firewall authentication with Azure AD as a SAML IdP, Activating FortiToken Mobile on a mobile phone, Configuring the maximum log in attempts and lockout period, FSSO polling connector agent installation, Configuring the FSSO timeout when the collector agent connection fails, Associating a FortiToken to an administrator account, FortiGate administrator log in using FortiCloud single sign-on, Downgrading to a previous firmware version, Setting the administrator password retries and lockout time, Controlling return path with auxiliary session, Out-of-band management with reserved management interfaces, HA between remote sites over managed FortiSwitches, HA using a hardware switch to replace a physical switch, Override FortiAnalyzer and syslog server settings, Routing NetFlow data over the HA management interface, Force HA failover for testing and demonstrations, Resume IPS scanning of ICCP traffic after HA failover, Querying autoscale clusters for FortiGate VM, Synchronizing sessions between FGCP clusters, Session synchronization interfaces in FGSP, UTM inspection on asymmetric traffic in FGSP, UTM inspection on asymmetric traffic on L3, Encryption for L3 on asymmetric traffic in FGSP, FGSP four-member session synchronization and redundancy, Layer 3 unicast standalone configuration synchronization, SNMP traps and query for monitoring DHCP pool, FortiGuard anycast and third-party SSL validation, Using FortiManager as a local FortiGuard server, FortiAP query to FortiGuard IoT service to determine device details, Procuring and importing a signed SSL certificate, FortiGate encryption algorithm cipher suites, Configuring the root FortiGate and downstream FortiGates, Configuring other Security Fabric devices, Deploying the Security Fabric in a multi-VDOM environment, Synchronizing objects across the Security Fabric, Leveraging LLDP to simplify Security Fabric negotiation, Configuring the Security Fabric with SAML, Configuring single-sign-on in the Security Fabric, Configuring the root FortiGate as the IdP, Configuring a downstream FortiGate as an SP, Verifying the single-sign-on configuration, Navigating between Security Fabric members with SSO, Integrating FortiAnalyzer management using SAML SSO, Integrating FortiManager management using SAML SSO, Execute a CLI script based on CPU and memory thresholds, Getting started with public and private SDN connectors, Azure SDN connector using service principal, Cisco ACI SDN connector using a standalone connector, ClearPass endpoint connector via FortiManager, AliCloud Kubernetes SDN connector using access key, AWS Kubernetes (EKS)SDNconnector using access key, Azure Kubernetes (AKS)SDNconnector using client secret, GCP Kubernetes (GKE)SDNconnector using service account, Oracle Kubernetes (OKE) SDNconnector using certificates, Private cloud K8s SDNconnector using secret token, Nuage SDN connector using server credentials, Nutanix SDN connector using server credentials, OpenStack SDN connector using node credentials, VMware ESXi SDNconnector using server credentials, VMware NSX-T Manager SDNconnector using NSX-T Manager credentials, Support for wildcard SDN connectors in filter configurations, Monitoring the Security Fabric using FortiExplorer for Apple TV, Adding the root FortiGate to FortiExplorer for Apple TV, Viewing a summary of all connected FortiGates in a Security Fabric, Log buffer on FortiGates with an SSD disk, Supported log types to FortiAnalyzer, FortiAnalyzer Cloud, FortiGate Cloud, and syslog, Sending traffic logs to FortiAnalyzer Cloud, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers on a FortiGate in multi-VDOM mode, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers (or syslog servers) per VDOM, Logging the signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength per client, RSSO information for authenticated destination users in logs, Configuring and debugging the free-style filter, Backing up log files or dumping log messages, PFand VFSR-IOV driver and virtual SPU support, FIPS cipher mode for AWS, Azure, OCI, and GCP FortiGate-VMs, Troubleshooting CPU and network resources, Verifying routing table contents in NAT mode, Verifying the correct route is being used, Verifying the correct firewall policy is being used, Checking the bridging information in transparent mode, Performing a sniffer trace (CLI and packet capture), Displaying detail Hardware NIC information, Identifying the XAUI link used for a specific traffic stream, Troubleshooting process for FortiGuard updates.